Everything listed here is Research Use Only (RUO). Not for human or animal consumption.
A mitochondria-targeted tetrapeptide that selectively binds to cardiolipin in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Studies have investigated its effects on mitochondrial function in research models of heart failure and mitochondrial myopathy.
SS-31 (D-Arg-dimethylTyr-Lys-Phe-NH2, also known as elamipretide or MTP-131) is a cell-permeable, mitochondria-targeted peptide that concentrates >1000-fold in mitochondria. It selectively binds to cardiolipin, a phospholipid unique to the inner mitochondrial membrane that is essential for the organization of electron transport chain complexes. By stabilizing cardiolipin-dependent interactions of cytochrome c with the inner membrane, SS-31 optimizes electron transfer, reduces electron leak and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and improves ATP generation efficiency. In aged and diseased mitochondria where cardiolipin oxidation is prevalent, SS-31 restores bioenergetic function.
Birk AV, et al. The mitochondrial-targeted compound SS-31 re-energizes ischemic mitochondria by interacting with cardiolipin. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2013;24(8):1250-1261.
Key finding: Demonstrated that SS-31 binds specifically to cardiolipin, restores electron transport chain function in ischemic mitochondria, and reduces ROS production while improving ATP synthesis.
Szeto HH. First-in-class cardiolipin-protective compound as a therapeutic agent to restore mitochondrial bioenergetics. Br J Pharmacol. 2014;171(8):2029-2050.
Key finding: Review establishing SS-31 as the first compound specifically designed to target and protect cardiolipin, with demonstrated efficacy in research models of heart failure, renal injury, and neurodegeneration.
| Type | Peptide (tetrapeptide, mitochondria-targeted) |
Research Use Only (RUO): This page summarizes published scientific research and is provided for educational and informational purposes only. It is not intended as medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment recommendations. The compound described carries a Research Use Only designation and is intended for laboratory research use only. It is not intended for human or animal consumption, or for use in the diagnosis, treatment, cure, or prevention of any disease. Consult qualified professionals before making any health-related decisions.